Review of atomic and molecular structure. Radiative and scattering processes including resonant radiation, Rayleigh, Raman and Mie scattering. Spectroscopy of inner electrons, X-rays, photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation. Optical spectroscopy including light sources, spectrally resolving instruments, detectors and techniques for optical analysis. Atomic beam and other resonance methods, such as optical, electron spin and nuclear magnetic resonance. Tuneable lasers, single mode operation, different laser types. Laser spectroscopy including time-resolved and high resolution laser spectroscopy. Laser spectroscopic applications, such as laser diagnostics in combustion, medical applications etc. Demonstrations: Synchrotron radiation, ultrafast spectroscopy, laser-radar, coherent Raman spectroscopy in combustion diagnostics, remote sensing applications, astro-physical applications.